The aim of this research is to establish a comprehensive cadastral geodatabase for Marwahin, a village situated in the southern region of Lebanon. Current administrative practices in Lebanon predominantly rely on paper maps and registries, resulting in limited direct connectivity between these resources. This project leverages existing delimitation reports and maps to generate feature and object classes such as parcels and ownership records. By establishing relationships between maps and registries, as well as other entities like zoning, the database allows for sophisticated querying capabilities, such as identifying all parcels owned by a specific individual. To uphold data integrity, coded value domains are implemented to enforce validation rules, thereby minimizing input errors. The integration of GIS technology is recommended to unify registries with maps, creating a cohesive system that synchronizes data between topographic services and land registries.
Childhood cancer presents a significant challenge in Egypt, marked by low survival rates and a need for a comprehensive biopsychosocial approach to care. This study provides an in-depth qualitative analysis of the experiences of children with cancer and their caregivers during hospital stays. Through structured interviews with 24 children aged 9 to 15 and their caregivers, five key themes emerged: the children's perception of illness and hospitalization, their awareness and understanding of the illness, communication barriers, feelings of guilt, and perceptions of death. By amplifying the voices of both children and caregivers, this research aims to enhance understanding and inform better healthcare practices. It highlights the urgent need for improved communication and psychological support to address the emotional and social challenges faced by these families.
The present paper focuses on studying the instrumentality as defined by Victor Vroom in his expectancy theory. Each element of the expectancy theory may be influenced by the organizational context, which will ultimately affect motivation. This study presents how promotion and the remuneration/rewarding systems in local public institutions impact instrumentality and, consequently, the work motivation of civil servants. The research was conducted in the Brussels Region (Belgium) and North West Region (Romania). By using both quantitative and qualitative research methods, the results indicate that both aspects influence instrumentality, but the type of influence may vary. Promotion aspects have a negative influence on instrumentality in the Brussels Region and a positive influence in the North West Region, while the rewarding system negatively affects instrumentality in both regions. The results are useful for the management of city halls, practitioners from local administration, scholars, and all those interested in using expectancy theory as a motivational framework for civil servants.
This paper explores a crucial segment of the firm's commercial function, specifically the retail component supported by merchandising and the display of goods in retail shops. The rule of 5R—right products, right quantities, right place, right time, right price (and right assortment)—is closely linked to merchandising concepts. These components are core to retail presentation and materialize the logistics of distribution in microeconomics. The 20th-century commercial innovation of self-service revolutionized retail arrangement and attractiveness, benefiting consumers. Linear product display in stores, an efficient merchandising form, is a step in the referential merchandising chain, bridging product display and merchandise management. This study examines the Romanian food retailer Agricola S.A., known for its fresh and diverse product range including chicken, turkey, lamb, pork, and veal. Merchandising techniques, particularly the varied display of goods to consumers, are key to enhancing sales and increasing store and company revenues. In microeconomics, this field combines theoretical and practical management techniques with consumer psychological perspectives.