We report the case of a 36-year-woman, who was referred to our clinic in Yazd, Iran. The patient was housekeeping. On examination, there was a small plaque in the palmoplantar related to cutaneous Leishmaniasis. There was no history of a similar disease in the patient. After completion of therapy, the lesions had partially healed.

There are about 160 million of Chinese residents who are suffering from chronic hypertension, which requires a large number of medical personnel to provide monitoring and management services to these patients and potential patients. In order to improve efficiency of the management this essay proposes the Hypertension Early Warning Model based on Classification of Blood Pressure. We take advantage of blood pressure and other dangerous factors to build a decision tree to judge whether patients need early warning. The result shows that this model is effective to manage high blood pressure patients , meanwhile, it greatly reduces the workload of doctors.

This article is devoted to the description of the mechanism of the transformation of negative entropy (negentropy) coming into the system from outside, into information by doubling bits of information originally presented in the system. The consideration is based on the model of one-dimensional chain of bi-stable elements connected with each other along a certain direction. It is shown that this phenomenon has the character of bifurcation and occurs if value of negentropy exceeds the certain threshold level. This phenomenon can be used to explain the mechanism of heredity in biological objects. When the negative entropy is delivered continuously into the system and points of bifurcations of doubling are accumulated, leading to chaotic behavior, this model can also be used to describe the mechanism of variability

ABSTRACT\n Sarmizegetusa is considered a place with important signiffications for Dacian people and for their romanian descendants. In Romania there are two antic establishments with the same name:\n Sarmizegetusa Regia – localized at 1200 m on the Orastie Mountains, Gradistea Muncelului, reprezenting the military, religious and political capital of the Dacian kingdom before of the romans conquest;\n Sarmizegetusa Ulpia Traiana – the romans capital of Dacia, established by the roman emperor Traian, after the conquest from 106 a.Ch, placed at 40 Km away for the first mentioned capital;\n The name contains words with sanskrit provenience (there are many theories), words as:\n”zarayma (haryma)” - which means “palace”; “zegeth (jigat)” – which means “ the world of life”; “usa” – which means “illumination” or: “zeremi” – which means “top of the mountain”.\n There is also a explanation based on the influence on the river “Sargetia” which flow close by fortress. Combinations of these old words have conducted at a variety of theories regarding the provenence and significance of this name “Sarmizegetusa” as: “the stones form the top of mountain”, “the town of the warm river” or “the palace which lighting the world of life”.\n\n \na) b)\nThe place on the map of „Sarmizegetusa Regia”: \na) – on the Dacia map (140a.Ch) and b)- on the present Romanian map;\nThe alternative names used in the historic literature: „Zarmigetusa”, Sarmisegetusa (Ptolemeu Geography, II nd century a.Ch.); Zermizegetusa (II –III century a.Ch. Dio Cassius); Sarmazege (an anonymous author from Ravenna of the year 700 a.Ch.); Sarmategte (XIII century, mentioned in Tabula Peutingeriana); \n\n On the above mentioned mountain there is a quadrilateral of about 30,000 square meters, build on the 5 terraces, where today is possible to see “murus dacicus” (i.e. stone blocks which in the past formed the old fortress walls) – and “sacred zone” which is formed from a number of circular or rectangle temples preserved more or less in good conditions. In the present paper is speaking about their calendar signification. \n Accordingly with the historian sources, in the final of his realm on Dacia, the king Burebista decides to move the kingdom capital from Argidava to Sarmizegetusa, where the capital has functioned about a quarter of century. The Daco – Roman wars from 102 and 106 a.Ch, was ended with the conquest of the zone, these wars being the main reason of the fortress walls destroy. However, the roman did not touch the sacred stones of the temples, which are preserved up to present, as a proof of the social, cultural and scientific level of this period.\n The functioning model of Dacian calendars, presented in the paper, try to offer to the reader a logic explanation (based on the astronomically certain data) of the time measurement modalities and of the manner in which the measurement principles were converted in the monuments, having strong religious and astronomically significances.\n The reader will form alone own opinions that might be certitudes or doubts. This sum of attitudes about the offered material, there is proper for all persons who try to understand the ancient world, having as “collocutor” some stones.

Abstract: This research is a historical account of the Wallo Teklay Gizat Prison from 1941 to 1974. The years 1941 and 1974 were selected as the starting and finishing points because both of them are landmarks in the history of Ethiopia. While 1941 marked the liberation of the country from the Italian occupation, 1974 saw the fall of the Imperial regime and the establishment of a military government. The study mainly aimed at giving a comprehensive image of the prison where criminals were exposed to various sufferings .As much as possible, efforts have been made to make extensive use of resources relevant to the subject. Available written materials and documents have been consulted. In addition, I met with many useful informants. In the period under discussion, Wallo was one of the administrative regions of Ethiopia located in the north-eastern part of the country bordering on Tigray in the north, the Republic of Djibouti in the east, Gojjam and Bagemidir in the west, and Shewa and Harerge in the south. During the Imperial regime, the prison was an important institution for detaining convicted criminals. In Dase, which was the administrative capital of the region, the principal prison was known as Yatikilay Gigatu Wahini Bet. Although the government issued the general rules of prison establishment in 1944, the jail had existence since a few years after the founding of the town. Initially it was situated north of the Aytayyaf Hall. During the Italian occupation, it was moved to the Robit area and then to the present location of the Wayzero Sihin School. The jail was then transferred to Kombolcha. The prison in Kombolcha was built by the Italians. After a while, it moved to Jame in the south outskirts of Dese. At Jame, prisoners were exposed to severe living conditions and deprived of adequate water supply and food. Poor sanitation, rampant communicable diseases, lack of medical treatment and the poor quality of food led to a high mortality rate. It was from this reason that the Jail was called “Dam Mellash”(avenger).This was another important factor that contributed to the increasing number of outlaws who opted for shiftinnent instead of going to prison. As the living condition of the prisoners grew from bad to worse, the government decided in 1951 to construct a new jail at its present location near the Borkana River. In 1958, the jail was transferred from Jame to Kombolcha. The other problem in the jails of Wallo province was lack of adequate trained guards. Reports of the period mentioned that the jail was guarded by the Nech Labash force until the late 1950s. Moreover, the procedure of adjudication that lengthened the appointment of criminal cases from an average of twenty to thirty times said to have created strong hatred of the prisoners to the government. This is said to be another factor for the growing number of criminals who opted for shifitinat rather than accepting the rule of law....To come to the conclusion, the prison had served as symbol of royal absolutism where prisoners were exposed to miserable and inhuman living conditions (i.e. their sufferings from inadequate ration, hunger, sanitation problems, suffocation, torture, unjust legal proceedings and corrupt jurists.

The delivery of drug into brain is restricted due to the blood brain barrier (BBB). The present study was planned to entrap Loperamide in a Polysorbate 80 coated nanosized liposomes and assessed for its ability to transport to CNS. The antinociceptive activity of Polysorbate 80 coated Loperamide (PCL) liposomes was evaluated. PCL was prepared by coating 1% Polysorbate 80 over Lopermide loaded liposomes by Reverse phase evaporation technique. The characteristics of the prepared liposomes were determined by zetasizer, mean particle diameter and particle size distribution. Animal studies were done on wistar rats for the actinociceptive response of PCL Lopermide, and its brain quantification was perfomed by LC-MS/MS. Particle size analysis confirmed the size of PCL to be in nanometer size (79.21+3.85 nm) which supports permeability features of PCL through BBB compared to uncoated liposomes (UL) (146.15+2.65 nm). Zetapotential of PCL and UL were found to be -26.4 mV and -16.6 mV, respectively. Polydispersity Index of PCL showed uniform particle size distribution (0.21) than UL (1.15). The presence of nanosized vesicles in PCL (79 nm) was confirmed by TEM. Actinociceptive study on animals showed appreciable rise in analgesic activity for PCL from control in Eddys hot plate (55.35%) and in tail flick test (68.8 %). Brain quantification study quantified the amount of Lopermide delivered to brain by PCL (1.04 µmol, p < 0.01) but indicates absence of Lopermide in brain for UL. The findings showed that PCL is a suitable carrier for Loperamide to permeate brain barrier and produce CNS activity.