Metabolic disorder is a complex disease caused by metabolic dysfunction, classified clinically as a variety of diseases including metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Fatty toxicity, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, which may change cellular function, are considered to play an essential role in the pathogenetic progress of metabolic disorder. Recent studies have found that cells secrete nanoscale vesicles containing protein, lipids, nucleic acids and membrane receptors from the releasing cells, mediating signal transduction and material transport to neighboring and distant cells. Exosomes, one member of vesicles, are reported to regulate the physiological function and pathological processes of metabolic disorders. Their applications in clinical diagnosis and treatments have drawn much attention. In this paper, we summarize the exosomes’ structures, contents, functions, extractions and its potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in metabolic disorders.
Polyurethanes are the well known materials widely used for the manufacturing\nof medical devices. They possess good physical and mechanical properties and\nbiocompatibility. However, they have no biological activity. In this paper we focused on\ncreation of biologically active metal-containing polyurethane through incorporation the\nsilver and copper nanoparticles into the polymer matrix. Uniform distribution of metal\nnanoparticles in polymer matrix was achieved by electron beam evaporation technology\nand vacuum deposition. First the colloid of metal nanoparticles in a liquid\npolyoxytetramethylene glycol (POTMG), MM 1000 was obtained, and then, based on\nobtained colloid the metal-containing thermoplastic polyurethane had been produced.\nThe character of size distribution and the shape of nanoparticles in polymer matrix is\nsimilar to those in POTMG colloid. Polyurethane, containing individual nanoparticles\nas well as their combination at concentrations of 666–15 ppm possesses the biological\nactivity, which manifests in sinergic biological effect: bactericidal effect against\nbacteria and yeasts and fungicidal against fungi. Created polyurethane nanocomposites\ndid not exhibit toxicity to the tissue culture cells. There were no biodegradation\nproducts observed in the culture medium. The presence of metal nanoparticles did not\naffect the physical properties of the polymer, thus resulting metal-containing\npolyurethanes can be processed into products for medical purposes by standard methods\nof polyurethane processing
Abstract :\nCardiovascular diseases, particularly cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction are becoming\nprevalent all over the world. The therapeutic agents specially fibrinolytic enzymes available in\nmarket exert side effects like hemolysis, hemorrhage and immunogenicity thus directing\nresearchers to search for new thrombolytic agents. A novel fibrinolytic enzyme namely\n‘Actinokinase’ isolated from thermophilic Streptomyces sp. MCMB 379 is found to have\npotential as a thrombolytic agent. The process for production of the enzyme and the product is\npatented.\nTo study specificity of the enzyme and fibrin degradation products, the crude enzyme obtained\nfrom thermophilic Streptomyces sp. MCMB -379 was purified using DEAE ion exchange\ncolumn. The purity of eluant fraction was tested by SDS-PAGE analysis and compared with that\nof crude extract. Ex-vivo fibrin clot lysis was investigated by comparing with clinically applied\nUrokinase with equal concentration of both the proteins. The ex-vivo clot lysis at 37 0C was\nmonitored at fixed time intervals. The fibrin degradation products (FDP) and D-dimer were\nanalyzed in lysate by immunochemical method using commercially available reagent kits.\nThe enzyme Actinokinase is fibrin specific, non-hemolytic and non- allergenic in nature.\n2\nThe aim is to evaluate in vitro fibrin (Fc) clot lysis method. The clot was prepared using pure\ncomponent of fibrinogen and thrombin which are purified from healthy human blood. The clot\nlysis using varying incubation time and in Urokinase concentration 500 IU. The fibrinolytic\nactivity was assessed by D-dimer and FDP released after clot lysis using actinokinase enzyme.\nThe activity of Actinokinase was comparable with that of Urokinase. The enzyme Actinokinase\nwas found to a potent fibrinolytic enzyme in ex-vivo clot lysis assay.
Objective：The study was to explore the diagnostic value of 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG in lung cancer nodules from cytological, animal xenograft and clinical aspect. \nMaterials and Methods： We test the A549 cells uptake two tracers respectively in vitro, and cells-tracers binding ratios were computed. Moreover, the correlation analysis was carried out between cells-tracers binding ratios and Ki-67 expression in A549 cells. In addition, 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT micro PET/CT imaging of small animal models of inoculated A549 cells was carried out. The tumor-to-non tumor (Background) uptake ratio (T/NT) was computed. Finally, imaging data of 55 patients with SPNs who were examined by 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG PET/CT were collected. And we explored the correlation between the Standardized uptake value （SUV）and Ki-67 expression of SPNs. \nResults：18F-FDG uptake ratio of A549 cells is greater than 18F-FLT (P< 0.05). There was no correlation between 18F -FDG uptake ratio and proliferation index Ki-67 of A549 cells (P>0.05), but the proliferation index Ki-67 had a significant positive correlation with 18F-FLT uptake ratio (r = 0.824, P< 0.05). The T/NT difference between 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT PET imaging in animal xenograft tumor was highly significant (P＜0. 05). Diagnostic sensitivity of 18F-FDG for lung cancer nodules was 92.9%, and the specificity 67%, and accuracy 73%. However, diagnostic sensitivity of 18F-FLT for lung cancer was 71%, and the specificity 79%, and accuracy 76%. There was obviously a positive correlation between lung cancer proliferation index Ki-67 expression and mean SUVmax of 18F-FDG (r=0. 658, P<0.05), and mean SUVmax of 18F -FLT (r=0. 724, P<0.01) PET imaging.\nConclusions: 18F-FDG is more efficient to the detection of lung cancer cells than 18F-FLT in the cytological study level. However, 18F-FLT imaging is a beneficial in the quantitative diagnosis of lung tumor tissue. 18F-FLT PET imaging can efficiently distinguish lung cancer nodules from other SPNs. The combination imaging of 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG tracers can improve the diagnostic specificity and accuracy to distinguish lung cancer from other SPNs.