Water treatment by aluminum sulphate is the most used process in water purification water to remove unwanted microorganisms. The inorganic coagulants are partially hydrolyzed salts. Their dissolution in water depends mainly on the pH thereof. However, there are still residues after dissolving aluminum. The determination of residual aluminum in the treated water is determined by the metered addition method. The treated water the from the treatment plant contained 210 g / L residual aluminum for an average dose of 40mg / L of aluminum sulphate. The residual aluminum in treated water exceeds WHO standards (200μg / L), and far from the recommended standards of 100 g / L in all searches.\nWe made trials with laboratory flocculators under the same conditions that station. The residual aluminum obtained by the same metered addition method, is 182 mg / L, 13.33% less than the WHO standards.\none another trial is carried out with a dose of 40 mg / L alum, as adjuvant we used a bentonite from M\'Zila (Algeria) with a dose of 3mg / L. This test has helped reduce the amount of residual aluminum in raw water 20.48%, lower than the recommended standards\n In order to investigate the causes of this excess, we made trials with laboratory flocculators under the same conditions that station. The residual aluminum obtained by the same metered addition method, is 182 mg / L, 13.33% less than the WHO standards.\nThe dry residues were characterized by analysis by scanning electron microscope and EDX (MEB-EDX) for show the different spectra of the aluminum in the dry residue. The crude bentonite is characterized by the elemental chemical method using X-ray fluorescence.

Objective: In recent era diabetics becomes most pathological condition worldwide. Maximum\npopulation in both develop and developing countries suffering from diabetic. There are several\nallopathic and herbal medicines widely use for the treatment of diabetics. Methods: cross\nsectional observational study that was attempted to find out for the treatment of diabetes and to\ndetermine the impact of different other risk factors associated diabetes.\nResults: In this investigation, we found that a total of 115 patients among them 71.03% were\nfemale and 60.95% were male. 78.94% university male and 82.35% illiterate female were\nsuffering from diabetics. 61.53% male patients are not timely take treatment and 52.3% female\nirregularly take treatment. Among all diabetic patients 63.46% male and 36.53% female were\nstressful condition in their life time. All patients demonstrate significant several symptoms\nincluding weakness, vomiting, frequent urination, loss of appetite, weight loss, head spinning,\nNausea, Headache, Micturition, thirst, skin disease, non-respondents etc. Significant percent of\ndiabetic’s patients not ware to physical activities. Among them patient exposure to various\nconditions like as 11.55% blood transfusion, 8.04% injecting drug use, 46.23% dental treatment,\n24.62% surgery, 2.51% jaundice, 31.15% none. Diabetic patients take different group of\nmedicines like as oral: 44.66% male and 55.335% female; insulin: 39.13% male and 60.86%\nfemale; combination: 45.45% male and 54.54% female respectively. Patients performing some\nexercise to reduce glucose level in body to control diabetic. Genetically diabetic disease\nincreases gradually globally.\nConclusion: In this investigation, demonstrate that patients have no concern regard treatment\nmanagement, medication and future diseases related to diabetic. We need to improve awareness,\ntreatment management of diabetic diseases among all population to reduce diabetic patients and\nother related diseases in future.

Brand equity building is a long-term strategically activity. This article builds on a model that conceptualizes “Brand Equity Building” through sponsoring activities. Brand equity is embedded in brand loyalty and greater awareness and visibility and a better or reinforce brand image. The process of brand equity creation through sponsorship depends on many factors, some of them external and out of control of the sponsoring brand and others under the control of management (duration of sponsoring engagement and communication efforts). In this article we will discuss them, adding these variables to the above model of brand equity creation.

Larvicidal activities of silver nano-particles (AgNPs) against dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. The AgNPs synthesized by the plant, Argemone mexicana L. characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Further, laboratory evaluation of plant mediated nano-particle against larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti. The characterization studies confirmed the spherical shape and size (3-24 nm) of silver nano-particles. The efficacy of mycosynthesized AgNPs tested concentrations of 2 to 10 ppm against L1 to L4 larval instar of A.aegypti. The LC50, LC90 values were (L1) 5.24, 8.66; (L2) 5.56, 8.85; (L3) 6.20, 10.01 and (L4) 7.04, 10.92 at 125 ppm of silver nanoparticle treated larvae compared with the LC50 (LC90) values of (L1) 7.63, 11.58; (L2) 8.17, 11.88; 8.80, 12.82 and 8.94, 12.26 at 400 ppm of plant extract treated larvae. The mortality rates were positively correlated with the concentration of AgNPs. Significant (P<0.05) changes in the larval mortality was also recorded between the period of exposure against all instar of larvae of A. aegypti. Antimicrobial activity of plant synthesized silver nanoparticle was effective and significantly toxic against the gram positive microbes and exhibited mild toxicity against P. aeroginosa. These finding use of fungus synthesize silver nano-particles is a rapid, eco-friendly, and a single-step approach and potential mosquito larvicidal and antimicrobial agents.

ABSTRACT\nDiabetes mellitus is a public health problem which is increasing all over the world, various contributions to its prevention and management is crucial. Cocoa powder as a food ingredient has been discovered to have medicinal purposes most especially in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of cocoa powder in experimental diabetic albino rats\nSixty matured albino rats with an average weight of 200g housed in metabolic cages were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 rats which include the normal and diabetic control and 8 treatment groups. Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally and the treatments include 1-4% natural cocoa powder mixed-feed. Data on the consumption of feed and water intake, body weight and fasting blood glucose were determined. The data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0.\nThe study revealed a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose and water intake as well as an increase in the final body weight of the diabetic treatment groups when compared to the diabetic control group (P<0.05). The diabetic group fed with 4% cocoa powder feed showed the lowest water intake (29.6±8.41ml) as well as the lowest final fasting blood glucose level (101±3.26mg/dl) when compared to the diabetic control group while the normal group fed with 4% cocoa powder had the lowest body weight (204±11.6g) when compared to the normal control group. There was a significant decrease in the final feed intake of both the diabetic and normal treatment groups when compared to the normal control group.\n The results showed that cocoa powder treatments lowered the blood glucose of the diabetic albino rats, reduced polydipsia as well as reverse weight loss observed in diabetes mellitus.

The environmental hazards have threatened the existence of life on earth. The indiscriminate use of natural resources and greed for unplanned development has jeopardized the life in biosphere. The alarming global environmental problems are global warming, ozone depletion, biomagnification, eutrophication, Carbon monoxide poisoning, acid rain, depletion of living species, water poisoning, decreased productivity etc .The alarming increasing trend in global environmental problems are cause of many secondary problems of biosphere. The stalk holders such as people, scientists, researchers, teachers, judiciary, government, students are pressing hard to combat environmental pollution. They are also trying to know the ways and means of environmental pollution and take necessary steps to reduce the emissions. Their efforts are not getting momentum due to lack of participation of general public as most of the people are unaware to the cause and consequences of environmental pollution. Besides, the enforcement of laws without the participation of general public has proved futile. The emerging trend in environmental combat mechanism through peaceful means is the involvement of public through education which involves debates, discussions, seminars, conferences, workshops, awareness campaign through print and electronic media. In this paper we aim to formulate the ways and means to combat environmental hazards through education.