The study of the solid matrix of the human knee joint meniscus using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) techniques, will identify the anatomical physiological constituent elements of it. The basic elements of analysis are: the orientation of collagen fibers at different depths of the thickness of the meniscus, the physiological relationship between collagen and proteoglycan during the compression of the meniscus, the cells of the meniscus of the knee, channels of diffusion of nutrients in avascular areas of meniscal tissue, the tensions to which these joints are subjected in the mechanics of locomotion.

SUMMARY\n It is presented the synergetic approach to diagnostics pre-seismic state of a seismoactive faults. In experiments with the loaded system of two blocks, it is revealed that an impulse when one of the blocks is displaced relative to the other is preceded by two dynamic states, metainstability I (with the autowave regime of oscillations) and metainstability II (with the initial and late stages of metainstability) [Ma Jin et al., 2012]. In the first stage, the displacement of one block relative to the other stars and develops in the quasi-creep stationary regime, and stresses accumulated in the inter-block contact zone are gradually released. In the second stage (\'accelerated synergism\'), the displacement velocity is increasing, the self-organization process takes place, numerous activated segments of the inter-block contact zone are subject to the avalanche-type consolidation, and then the dynamic slip impulse occurs. The simulation results were taken into account in the spectral analyses of strain monitoring data collected at the southern termination of Lake Baikal, where the Kultuk earthquake (M=6.3) occurred on 27 August 2008. Based on structural features of the spectrograms, it may be possible to distinguish the initial and final stages of metainstability of a seismically active fault.

Cypermethrin is a non-systemic insecticide widely used for controlling okra shoot and fruit borer infestation in Bangladesh. At the time of cypermethrin application in the okra field by knapsack sprayer, it not only goes to the target site (plant) but also goes in the soil, air and other environmental component through drifting. Chemodynamical field research was conducted to study the dissipation pattern of cypermethrin in different growth stages of okra crop and laboratory study was conducted to determine the residue of cypermethrin from fruit and soil. The highest deposition of cypermethrin (58.2±3.6 %) was found in target site (Plant) at 105 Days after sowing (DAS) and the lowest (47.3±2.3 %) was at 45 DAS of okra crop. The drift loss of cypermethrin through air ranged from 4.65±0.8% to 7.85±0.4%. The highest drift loss through soil was found at 45 DAS (48.05±2.7 %) and the lowest (36.25±0.7 %) was at 120 DAS. Cypermethrin residues determined from fruit and soil samples sprayed at 1 ml/L in the field were above maximum residue limits (MRLs) up to three days after spraying (0.862 ppm) in fruit samples and up to five days after spraying in soil samples (0.554 ppm). In case of spraying 2 ml/L of cypermethrin, fruit samples have residues above MRLs up to seven days after spraying (0.668 ppm) and soil samples have up to five days after spraying (0.653 ppm).

The interface pressure plays an important role to optimize coupling between the residual limb and the prosthesis. This study evaluated the dynamic pressure differences on the socket between the ICRC polypropylene socket and the air splint socket as a transhumeral amputees performed pick and place activities at a self-selected speed. Fifteen transhumeral amputees participated in the study. The subject’s interface pressure on the socket that\'s applied while wearing two different socket was recorded using F-socket transducers. The results revealed that, under the test conditions, the mean peak pressures (kPa) with the ICRC polypropylene socket was 47% higher at the anterior, 29% higher at the posterior, 23% higher at the medial and 8% higher at the lateral regions of the socket than it was with the air splint socket. Overall, the average peak pressure values were higher with the ICRC polypropylene socket than they were with the air splint socket. The air splint socket might reduce the pressure within the interface of residual limb in comparison to the ICRC polypropylene socket during pick and place activities. This is particularly important during the daily life activities and may reduce the pain and discomfort at the residual limb in comparison to the ICRC polypropylene socket. Clinical investigation of interface pressure between the prosthetic’s socket may lead to further research and development in choosing the most comfortable socket to be worn by the users.

From a global point of view of the human reality, this article deals with the complexity of the actualizing tendency synergy in order to reach the development, and proposes, from the holistic and ecological perspective, some epistemological and methodological considerations in order to face the complexity of the human phenomena. The achieved considerations lead us to the dialogue and communication as the most effective tool for the study of the human subject. Lastly, we present summaries of some works carried out from this perspective.

Obesity is the epidemic of the 21st century while type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and increasing global burdens of disease day by day. Obesity and overweight increase the risk of several serious chronic diseases, such as T2DM, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular disease, stroke and certain types of cancer. Adipocytes have a capability of a metabolic control and endocrine organs that have both good as well as bad effects. This is more clearly define the role adipocytes play in obesity and how inflammatory mediators act as signaling molecules in this process. Adiponectin is a serum protein produced and secreted exclusively by adipose tissues. In humans, plasma adiponectin concentrations fall with increasing obesity and reduced adiponectin concentrations correlate with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Adipocytes undergoes molecular and cellular alterations affecting systemic metabolism when an individual have enlarged adipocytes and become obese. Mesenchymal stem cells possess immunomodulatory activities (acting on both innate and acquired immunity effectors) which should result in a reduction of the immunogenicity of transplanted cells which lead to the destruction of beta cells. Currently stem cell of various source are under investigation for transplantable insulin-producing cells. In conclusion, it is now apparent that adipocytes are not simply a storage reservoir of fat but are active endocrine organs that play multiple roles in the body. Increases in inflammation and various cytokines from the adipose tissue, activate monocytes enhancing insulin resistance which increasing the risk for diabetes. Finally, the intracellular mechanisms by which these factors affect energy intake, utilization and metabolism are being better understood and we are developing therapies that manipulate these pathways.