Purpose: Academic procrastination, defined as the tendency to delay necessary tasks, is prevalent among students and may affect their psychological well-being. This study aims to determine the prevalence of academic procrastination among medical students at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences and its correlation with their well-being. Method: Conducted as a cross-sectional study, 498 undergraduate students were selected through a stratified random sampling method. Participants completed the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Student (PASS) and the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Results: Out of the distributed questionnaires, 400 were completed, resulting in an 80% response rate. The demographic breakdown revealed that 76% were female, 78% were single, and 67% resided in dormitories. The average WHO-5 well-being index score was 58.4 ± 20.7. Findings indicated that 34.8% to 49.9% of participants frequently procrastinated across various domains. A significant difference was observed in procrastination scores between students identified as depressed and those who were not. Conclusion: The study concludes that both low well-being status and high levels of procrastination are prevalent and interconnected among medical students. It is recommended that educators consider these factors, implementing screening and interventions to enhance students' mental health and academic performance.

To evaluate the effect of sodium chloride salinity and planting depth on stem length, number of leaves after 12 days, and days to seedling emergence in PEA ALDERMAN genotypes, three levels of sodium chloride salinity (0.5%, 1.5%, and 2%) and three planting depths (1, 2, and 3 cm) were tested in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for the evaluated traits between planting depths. Salinity levels significantly affected stem length and leaf number at the 5% level. Maximum stem length and leaf number were observed at 1 and 2 cm depths, with the least growth at 3 cm depth. Increased planting depth resulted in longer germination periods. Salinity adversely affected all traits except germination days. Higher sodium chloride concentrations decreased stem length and leaf number after 12 days. Significant positive correlations were found between stem length and leaf number after 12 days, while increased days to emergence correlated negatively with shoot length. A significant linear regression was found between days to emergence and leaf number (y = 5.91 - 0.267x). Quadratic regression showed a significant relationship between stem length and leaf number (y = -0.956 + 3.753x - 0.236x^2), indicating an initial increase in stem length with leaf number, followed by a decrease.

Due to the sensitivity of potatoes to viruses, the production of virus-free plants, reduction in production costs, and increased performance, in vitro cultivation of this plant is crucial. This study evaluates the effects of six combined hormones and vitamins on main and secondary shoot lengths of Agria potatoes. Conducted as a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications from 2012 to 2014 in laboratory conditions, the study utilized multiple linear regression analysis. Significant correlations between the traits were identified. Results indicated no significant relationship between main shoot length and other variables in a stepwise manner. An increase in the minimum of secondary shoot length resulted in longer main shoot lengths, whereas an increase in the number of secondary shoots led to shorter main shoot lengths. Additionally, a positive and significant correlation at 1% was observed between the minimum and maximum secondary shoot lengths. Increasing secondary branch lengths resulted in increased minimum and maximum secondary shoot lengths. Conversely, the correlation between main shoot length and the number of secondary shoots was negative and significant.

Due to the sensitivity of potatoes to viruses, producing virus-free plants is crucial, as it reduces production costs and enhances performance. This study examines the effect of six hormonal and vitamin combinations on the main and secondary shoot lengths of Agria potatoes. Conducted between 2012 and 2014 under laboratory conditions, the experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replications. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant differences (p < 0.01) in all traits between treatments. The treatment with Pyridoxine 5 ppm, Thiamine 20 ppm, Biotin 10 ppm, and Cytokinin 5 ppm resulted in the longest main shoots, whereas the combination with Pyridoxine 5 ppm, Thiamine 5 ppm, Biotin 5 ppm, and Cytokinin 2 ppm produced the shortest. Thiamine 5 ppm was optimal for increasing both the minimum and mean secondary shoot lengths, while 10 ppm Biotin was best for extending side branches. To produce the greatest number of secondary shoots, Cytokinin 2 ppm was effective. For increased main shoot length, the combination of Pyridoxine 5 ppm, Thiamine 20 ppm, Biotin 10 ppm, and Cytokinin 5 ppm is recommended.

Due to the sensitivity of potatoes to viruses, the production of virus-free plants is critical for reducing production costs and enhancing yield. This study evaluates the effect of eleven combined hormonal and vitamin treatments on the main and secondary shoot lengths, as well as the number of secondary shoots in the Agria potato cultivar. Conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications from 2012 to 2014, the experiment revealed significant differences at a 1% probability level among the hormonal compounds regarding the traits evaluated. The combination treatment of P20T20B10PBA5 notably increased main shoot length and the number of secondary shoots. Conversely, treatments such as P5T5B5PBA2, P5T5B5PBA5, and P20T20B10PBA5 were associated with a decrease in the mean secondary shoot length. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate hormonal combinations to optimize growth traits in potato tissue culture.

In this paper, I suggest and review four perspectives within the literature surrounding knowledge managed leadership (KML) research at the organizational level: information systems, leadership, organizational learning, and strategy perspectives. Each perspective informs the other perspective.

Background: Patients with liver disease are at high risk for morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period due to both the stress of surgery and the effects of general anesthesia. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the value of MELD score, as compared to CTP score, for prediction of 30-day postoperative mortality in Egyptian patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing non-hepatic surgery under general anesthesia. Methods: Sixty patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis were included in this study. Sensitivity and specificity of MELD and CTP scores were evaluated for prediction of postoperative mortality. Twenty patients who had no clinical, biochemical, or radiological evidence of liver disease were included to serve as a control group. Results: The highest sensitivity and specificity for detection of postoperative mortality was detected at a MELD score of 13.5. CTP score had a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 96.4%, and an overall accuracy of 95% for prediction of postoperative mortality. On the other side and at a cut-off value of 13.5, MELD score had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 64.0%, and an overall accuracy of 66.6% for prediction of postoperative mortality in patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis. Conclusion: MELD score is more sensitive but less specific than CTP score for prediction of postoperative mortality. CTP and MELD scores may be complementary rather than competitive in predicting postoperative mortality in patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis.